Short brief history of Sialkot city of Punjab province of Pakistan
Sialkot the capital of District Sialkot, is a city situated in the north-east of the Punjab province in Pakistan at the feet of the snow-covered peaks of Kashmir near the Chenab river. Formerly, Sialkot has been the winter-capital of the State of Kashmir. The city is about 125 km (78 mi) north-west of Lahore and only a few kilometres from Jammu in India
The recorded history of Sialkot, a district of modern-day Pakistan, covers thousands of years. It has since its creation changed hands from Aryan,Persian, Greek, Hindu, Buddhist, Muslim, Sikh and British rule to the present-day federation of Pakistan
There are various sources tracing the origins of the city of Sialkot
but the authenticity of many of these sources varies. The less-reliable
historical sources about the origins of the city have been derived from
oral traditions based on ancient local beliefs which, most historians
concur, are full of inaccuracies, concocted legends and erroneous facts.
These are, nonetheless, stated here. More reliable and validated
historical references relating to the city date back to 327 BC in which
it has been stated that the city is of Persian and/or Greek origin. Excavations throughout the area have revealed large amounts of Greek coins, ancient Zoroastrian temples and several Buddhist stupas. Some of the more unreliable references to Sialkot
are mentioned in ancient scriptures and oral traditions, these state
that Siálkot is believed to have been founded by Raja Sul or (Shalya), emperor of Madradesa and brother of Madri, second wife of emperor Pandu and mother to Nakula and Sahadeva. He was the uncle of the Pandavas, whose heroic deeds are recorded in the epic Mahabharata
After his death, some 5000 years ago, there is a tradition that the
dynasty continued for some 1500 years. The seasonal stream, known as the
Aik Nala, that still flows through the city, has been mentioned in the Upanishads. In the late Vedic Period(c. 1500 - c. 200 B.C.), Sákala (Siálkot) was the capital of the Madras (Brihadaranyaka Upanishad).
Sákaladvipa (island of Sákala) was the name of the doáb (land lying
between two rivers) between Chandrabhága (Chenab) and Irávati (Ravi). In
those early days, Sákala was studded with thick forests and inhabited
by a pastoral race called Yahars or Yirs.
Sialkot became a part of the Muslim Sultanate of Delhi when Shahab-ud-Din Muhammad Ghauri conquered Punjab in 1185. He was unable to conquer Lahore but left a garrison in Sialkot. Later, Sultan Khusro Malik tried to
capture the city but failed to do so. Sialkot then became a part of the Muslim Mughal Empire. The Mughal commander, Usman Ghani Raza, advanced towards Delhi by way of Sialkot which capitulated to his armies.
The city played an important role during the Pakistan Movement. The national poet of Pakistan who spearheaded the movement for an independent country, Dr. Muhammad Iqbal was born in Sialkot in 1877. In May 1944, the historic Sialkot Convention was held here. This convention is widely regarded as the landmark event which catapulted the All India Muslim League into prominence in the British-Indian Punjab. This convention was host to such Muslim League luminaries as Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Liaquat Ali Khan, Chaudhry Naseer Ahmad Malhi, (Inayat Ullah Choudhary) Khawaja Nazim-ud-Din, Sardar Abd-ur-Rab Nishtar, Mumtaz Ahmad Khan Daultana, Nawab Iftikhar Hussain Khan of Mamdot and Maulvi Tamiz-ud-Din.
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