Kolkata historical city of India

Kolkata historical city of India

Short brief history of Kolkata historical city of India

                Kolkata  is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal.

Kalikata was a fishing village; Sutanuti was a riverside weavers' village. They were part of an estate belonging to the Mughal empire; the taxation rights to the villages were held by the Sabarna Roy Choudhury family of landowners. These rights were transferred to the East India Company in 1698.In 1712, the British completed the construction of Fort William, located on the east bank of the Hooghly River.  The Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-Daulah protested the militarisation. His warning went unheeded, and the Nawab attacked; he captured Fort William and instigated the gruesome killings of British prisoners of war in the Black Hole of Calcutta. A force of Company soldiers  and British troops led by Robert Clive recaptured the city the following year. Calcutta was named the capital of East India Company controlled territories of India in 1772; beginning in 1864, the hill station of Shimla served as administrative capital during summers. In the early 19th century, the marshes surrounding the city were drained; the government area was laid out along the banks of the Hooghly River. Richard Wellesley, Governor General of India between 1797 and 1805, was largely responsible for the development of the city and its public architecture. Throughout the late 18th and 19th century, the city was a centre of the East India Company's opium trade.

           The city and its port were bombed several times by the Japanese between 1942 and 1944, during World War II. Coinciding with the war, millions starved to death during the Bengal famine of 1943 due to a combination of military, administrative, and natural factors. Demands for the creation of a Muslim state led in 1946 to an episode of communal violence that killed over 4,000. The partition of India led to further clashes and a demographic shift—many Muslims left for East Pakistan, while hundreds of thousands of Hindus fled into the city.

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