Lucknow historical city of India
Shor brief history of Lucknow historical city of India
Lucknow is the capital city of the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. The metro city is the administrative headquarters of Lucknow district and Lucknow Division. Lucknow has always been known as a multicultural city and it flourished as a cultural and artistic hub of North India in the 18th and 19th centuries and as a seat of power of Nawabs.
Lucknow was one of the major centres of Indian rebellion of 1857, participated actively in India,s independence movement and emerged as an important city of North India. Until 1719, subah of Awadh was a province of the Mughal Empire administered by a Governor appointed by the Emperor. Saadat Khan also called Burhan-ul-Mulk, a Persian adventurer was appointed the Nazim of Awadh in 1722 and he established his court in Faizabad near Lucknow.
In the absence of
expeditious transport and communication facilities, they were
practically independent rulers of their territory and wielded the power
of life and death over their subjects. The Nawabs of Lucknow were in fact the Nawabs of Awadh, but were so referred to because after
the reign of the third Nawab, Lucknow became the capital of their
realm. The city was North India's cultural capital, and its nawabs, best
remembered for their refined and extravagant lifestyles, were patrons
of the arts. Under them music and dance flourished, and many monuments
were erected. The British then helped Saadat Ali Khan
to the throne. Saadat Ali Khan was a puppet king, who in the treaty of
1801 ceded half of Awadh to the British East India Company and also
agreed to disband his troops in favour of a hugely expensive,
British-run army. This treaty effectively made the state of Awadh a
vassal to the British East India Company, though it nationally continued
to be part of the Mughal Empire in name until 1819. The treaty of 1801
formed an arrangement that was very beneficial to the Company. They were
able to use Awadh's vast treasuries, repeatedly digging into them for
loans at reduced rates. In addition, the revenues from running Awadh's
armed forces brought them useful revenues while it acted as a buffer
state. The Nawabs were ceremonial kings, busy with pomp and show but
with little influence over matters of state. By the mid-nineteenth
century, however, the British had grown impatient with the arrangement
and wanted direct control of Awadh.nown as the Ganga Jamuni Tehzeeb.The Khilafat Movement had an active base of support in Lucknow, creating a united platform against the British rule. In the Khilafat Movement Maulana Abdul Bari of Firangi Mahal, Lucknow actively participated and cooperated with Mahatma Gandhi and Maulana Mohammad Ali. However, it became the provincial capital in 1920 when the seat of government was moved from Allahabad. Upon Indian independence in 1947, Lucknow became the capital of Uttar Paradesh, the erstwhile United Provinces.
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